Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba i-China "ilizwe elikhulu leemoto zombane ezinamavili amabini", kodwa njengenye yeendawo ezibalulekileyo zebhetri yemoto yombane eneevili ezimbini, eqinisweni, iChina nayo iyilizwe elikhulu lokuvelisa ibhetri kunye nokuthengisa, ngokutsho. kwidatha ibonisa ukuba imveliso yonyaka yebhetri yaseTshayina kunye neentengiso. Ibhetri, enyanisweni, ilizwe lethu likwayimveliso yebhetri kunye namandla okuthengisa, ngokutsho kwedatha ebonisa ukuba imveliso yonyaka yebhetri yaseTshayina kwaye Ngokutsho kwedatha, imveliso yebhetri yonyaka yaseTshayina kunye nokusetyenziswa okungaphezulu kwe-14 yezigidigidi, kubalwa isinye kwisithathu. imveliso yehlabathi, Ngokuqinisekileyo “lilizwe lebhetri” lokwenyani.
Ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri, izithuthi zombane nazo zinomlinganiselo omkhulu, njengoko sonke sisazi, iimoto zombane ezinamavili amabini ngokwenene zezendlela yothutho engapheliyo, kodwa icandelo layo eliphambili, ibhetri, ukuqina kuya kuba kubi kakhulu, nganye isithuthi sombane esinamavili amabini. ngokusisiseko kuya kufuneka ibuyisele ibhetri ngaphezu kwexesha elinye, okuthetha ukuba ubunini belizwe lethu bezigidi ezingama-350 zeemoto zombane ezinamavili amabini, ubuncinci nama-700 ezigidi. iiseti zeebhetri. Njengomthengisi weeplagi zamandla aphezulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium, ixabiso lemveliso ye-Amass ye-lithium ye-docking plugs yebhetri nayo iye yanda, ebonisa ukuba ixabiso lemveliso yeeplagi ze-lithium docking plugs liyanda. imfuno yeeplagi ze-lithium kwimarike yebhetri ye-lithium. Ukuhlangabezana nokunyuka kwemfuno yemarike, i-Amass yazisa izixhobo zemveliso ezizenzekelayo kwaye ngokuqhubekayo iphucula iteknoloji yesiqhagamshelo samandla aphezulu e-DC, ejonge ukuhambisa izihlanganisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwimarike. imakethi eneziqhagamshelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Kule mihla, ibhetri ayilona nje inani elikhulu leempawu, iimpawu eziphambili ziye zasungula ibhetri "yeteknoloji emnyama" ukutsala abathengi abathengi. Ibhetri, ukutsala abathengi, imarike ngoku kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri eziqhelekileyo, iibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri zegraphene, iibhetri zegolide ezimnyama, iibhetri ze-lithium, ukusuka kwixesha elide kunye nobomi obude ukuhlalutya, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo. Ibhetri, iibhetri zegolide ezimnyama, iibhetri ze-lithium, ukusuka kwixesha elide kunye noluhlu lokuhlalutya, yintoni umehluko phakathi kwabo.
Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi
Kuthathwa ngokuba "yikhokho" yebhetri, ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-150 edlulileyo, ibhetri isetyenziswe ekuthuthweni, nangona ibhetri ingasetyenziswanga kwizithuthi zombane. Nanamhlanje, iibhetri ze-lead-acid ziseluhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane, kunye nesabelo semarike esingaphezulu kwe-70%.
Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi yenziwe ngamacwecwe okukhokela alungileyo kunye angalunganga, iipali ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, i-electrolyte, izahlulo, iibhetri zeqokobhe, umsebenzi ubukhulu becala ziipleyiti zelothe ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kunye nokusabela kwekhemikhali ye-electrolyte, ukugqiba inkqubo yokutshaja ukusuka kwenye i-DC. umthombo wamandla ukufumana "amandla ombane" ukuya "kumandla ekhemikhali".
Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zine "ileyibhile" ebalulekileyo, oko kukuthi, ixabiso eliphantsi. Ihluke kakhulu kwezinye iibhetri, iibhetri ze-lead-acid ngenxa yezinto eziphathekayo, inkqubo ziibhetri ezine eziphambili kwezona zilula kakhulu, ixabiso layo liphantsi kakhulu, elikwasisizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba inokuba nemarike yexesha elide. imfuno. Nangona kunjalo, intlawulo yomjikelo ophantsi/amaxesha okukhutshwa kunye nobukhulu obukhulu kunye nobunzima obunzima beebhetri ze-lead-asidi nazo zibe negalelo ekwehleni kwazo ngokuthe ngcembe ukuthandwa. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha okutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa komjikelo angaphantsi, kunye nomthamo omkhulu kunye nobunzima obunzima, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ithathelwe indawo ngamanye amabhetri.
Ibhetri yeGraphene
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ibhetri ihlonitshwe kakhulu ziimpawu eziphambili, kwaye iibrendi zenqanaba lokuqala ezifana neYadea, AIMA, kunye neTAILG ziye zazisa iibhetri zegraphene. I-Graphene inebhetri eneemoto zombane ezinamavili amabini, ipapasha ukuba inomsebenzi oqinileyo, ohamba ixesha elide, othandwa kakhulu ngabathengi. Idume kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi.
Nangona kunjalo, inkcazo yesayensi yebhetri yegraphene eneneni ibhekisa kusetyenziso lwee-ion ze-lithium kumphezulu wegraphene kunye nee-electrodes zebhetri eziphuhliswe ziimpawu zentshukumo ekhawulezayo nenkulu yeshuttle phakathi kwebhetri yeGraphene, nangona kunjalo, ichazwa ngokwesayensi, eneneni ibhekisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ion ze-lithium kumphezulu wegraphene kunye nee-electrodes zentshukumo ekhawulezayo yokushukuma okukhulu phakathi kweempawu zophuhliso lwebhetri, kunye nebhetri yangoku yegraphene kushishino lwemoto yombane, kuphela ibhetri yelead-asidi enegraphene encinci, ke ibizwa ngokuba yigraphene Ibhetri yegraphene yangoku kumzi mveliso wemoto yombane, nje kwiibhetri zelead-asidi ezinegraphene encinci, ke ibizwa ngokuba yigraphene iibhetri ikwiTo be objective, ezi bhetri kufuneka zibizwe ngokuba "ziibhetri ze-graphene lead-asidi". Nangona iyeyebhetri ye-lead-asidi, ihluke kwiibhetri ze-lead-asidi, kwaye ixabiso liya kuba libiza kakhulu, kodwa lingabizi njengeebhetri ze-lithium. Abanye, kodwa hayi kwiindleko eziphezulu zeebhetri ze-lithium, iibhetri ze-lithium ziya kuba ziphantsi kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-lead-asidi, ukhuseleko lungcono kunebhetri ye-asidi, ukhuseleko luphezulu kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-lithium. , yeyesiphelo esiphakathi sebhetri. Ukutshaja kunye nokuPhuma Ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ukusebenza kunye nenani lemijikelezo liye laphuculwa xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-acid, kwaye uluhlu luye lwanda malunga ne-10% xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-acid.
Ibhetri yeGolide emnyama
Xa kuthelekiswa neenqwelo zombane ezinamavili amabini ngokuthe ngqo "i-fanfare" yokupapasha iibhetri zegraphene, njengabavelisi bebhetri abachwepheshile, ibhetri yegolide emnyama ebizwa ngokuba yi-euphemistic ngakumbi. Into ebizwa ngokuba yibhetri yegolide emnyama ibhekiselele kusetyenziso lwemathiriyeli yealloyi yegraphene kwigridi yepleyiti yebhetri. Ibhetri ebizwa ngokuba yigolide emnyama ibhekisa kusetyenziso lwemathiriyeli yegraphene alloy kwigridi yepleyiti eqinisekileyo yebhetri, kwaye okwangoku, uTianneng kunye noChaowei babiza ibhetri enegraphene eyongezwe kuyo njengebhetri yegolide emnyama. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwezinto zegraphene, ukusebenza ngokubanzi kweebhetri ze-alloy kungcono kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid, ezikwazi ukumelana nokubanda kunye nobushushu kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokubanda kunye nobushushu kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid, kwaye amandla aya kuba namandla ngakumbi, ngokubanzi anamandla kancinane kuneebhetri ze-lead-asidi, kodwa enamandla ngaphezu kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kwaye kukho umsantsa othile kwixabiso.
Iibhetri kwaye kukho umsantsa othile kwixabiso, iindleko zeebhetri zegolide ezimnyama kuneebhetri ze-lead-asidi ziya kuba phezulu, ngokubanzi i-30 ukuya kwi-50 ye-yuan ibiza kakhulu ngesethi yeebhetri. Ngokwexabiso, iindleko zeebhetri zegolide ezimnyama ziphezulu kuneebhetri ze-lead-asidi, ngokubanzi i-30 ukuya kwi-50 ye-yuan zibiza kakhulu ngebhetri nganye. Undoqo weebhetri zegolide ezimnyama kunye neebhetri zegraphene ziyafana, ngoko ke ukuqina kunye noluhlu luphantse lufane. Ukuqina kunye noluhlu lweebhetri ziyafana.
Ibhetri yeLithium
Ibhetri yeLithium yibhetri enezona meko zesicelo okwangoku, ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuncinci kunye nobunzima bokukhanya, iimveliso ze-elektroniki eziqhelekileyo zisekusetyenzisweni kweebhetri ze-lithium.
Ibhetri ye-lithium yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-lithium okanye i-lithium alloy njengezinto ezintle kunye nezibi, usebenzisa isisombululo se-electrolyte esingenamanzi. Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-lithium ikakhulu ziibhetri ze-ternary lithium, iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate, iibhetri ze-lithium manganate, apho iibhetri ze-lithium ze-ternary zineenzuzo zomthamo ophezulu, ubomi obude, kodwa zibiza, izicelo zemoto zombane ezinamavili amabini. Ibhetri yeLithium ineenzuzo zomthamo ophezulu kunye nobomi obude, kodwa ixabiso liyabiza, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini kuncinci, ngelixa ixabiso lebhetri ye-lithium manganese acid iphezulu. Ibhetri ye-lithium manganese acid incinci, kodwa ubomi bufutshane, isicelo sincinci, ibhetri ye-lithium ye-iron phosphate, ixabiso liphakathi, umthamo uphakathi, uhlala ixesha elide. Iibhetri zeLithium iron phosphate zinexabiso eliphakathi, umthamo ophakathi, ukuqina okulungileyo kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu, kwaye zisetyenziswa rhoqo.
Ukuqina kunye noluhlu luyinzuzo ephambili yebhetri ye-lithium, ibhetri ye-lead-asidi eqhelekileyo itshaja amaxesha angama-300, i-graphene kunye nebhetri yegolide emnyama ngamaxesha angama-500 ukuya kuma-600, ngelixa ibhetri ye-lithium inokufikelela malunga namaxesha angama-1500. amaxesha, i-graphene kunye neebhetri zegolide ezimnyama ze-500 ukuya kumaxesha angama-600, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium zinokufikelela malunga namaxesha angama-1500, ukuba uthelekisa, ngokuqinisekileyo ibhetri ye-lithium enokuqina okuphezulu. Ukuba sithelekisa, ibhetri ye-lithium inomlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncinci, ubunzima bokukhanya kunye nomthamo ophezulu, uluhlu lwayo luphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncinci, ubunzima obukhanyayo kunye nomthamo ophezulu, ubomi bebhetri bukwayeyona ibalaseleyo phakathi kwezi bhetri.
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuqina kweeplagi zebhetri ze-lithium, iiplagi ze-Amass zenziwe nge-PA66 inayiloni eneempawu ezinqanda amadangatye, eziphucula iipropathi zomatshini kunye nezombane zeemveliso, kwaye iindawo zoqhagamshelwano zenziwe ngesilivere-efakwe ngesiliva ebomvu enokumelana okuphantsi. kunye nokumelana nomhlwa okuqinileyo, okwenza ukuqina ngakumbi kunoko kweeplagi zetshiphu zeshishini elifanayo.
Ukusuka apha ngasentla, unokuwuqonda umahluko phakathi kwesiqhelo sangoku Izithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini 4 iibhetri ezinkulu, abanikazi ekukhetheni umbane Xa ibhetri, ikakhulu ithambekele ekomeleleni kunye noluhlu, ukhetho kufuneka lube ngokulandelelana kweebhetri ze-lithium> graphene. iibhetri> iibhetri zegraphene =Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uthambekele ngakumbi kwixabiso kunye nokhuseleko, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iibhetri ze-Li-ion> iibhetri zegraphene> iibhetri zegolide ezimnyama > iibhetri ze-lead-acid ngokulandelelana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhetha ixabiso kunye nokhuseleko, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iibhetri ze-lead-acid> iibhetri zegolide ezimnyama> iibhetri zegraphene> iibhetri ze-lithium, kwaye kwiminyaka yamuva, iibhetri ze-lithium ziqhume kwaye zibambe umlilo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuqhuma kwesiganeko somlilo we-lithium ibhetri, ukwenzela ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium ikhuselekile kunye neminye imiba iqhutywe ekushiseni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-20-2024